Windsor Drake · Software valuation

The Rule of 40

The most cited shorthand in software valuation, what it measures, how to calculate it, and how acquirers actually translate it into a multiple.

What the Rule of 40 measures

The Rule of 40 adds a company’s revenue growth rate to its profit margin. If the two together reach 40 or more, the business is considered to be balancing growth and profitability in a healthy way. A company growing 30 percent with a 12 percent margin scores 42 and passes. A company growing 15 percent with a 10 percent margin scores 25 and does not.

The appeal is its simplicity. It rewards a fast-growing company that burns cash and an efficient company that grows slowly in equal measure, which makes it a quick way to compare very different software businesses on one line.

How to calculate it

Take year-over-year revenue growth as a percentage and add a profitability margin, usually EBITDA margin or free cash flow margin. The choice of margin matters: the same company can clear the line on one measure and miss on another, so the figure should always state which margin was used. For recurring-revenue businesses, ARR growth is often used in place of reported revenue growth.

Benchmark scores

Combined scoreReadTypical valuation effect
Above 60StrongPremium multiple
40 to 60HealthyIn line with market
Below 40Below the barDiscount, unless a clear path back above the line

These are general reads, not fixed rules. The threshold is conventional rather than precise, and a company sitting just under 40 with improving trajectory is treated very differently from one drifting down toward it.

How buyers price the Rule of 40

Here is where the shorthand breaks down. Two companies can both score exactly 40 and be worth very different multiples, because acquirers do not value growth and margin the same way. A business at 30 percent growth and 10 percent margin usually attracts a higher multiple than one at 10 percent growth and 30 percent margin, even though both score 40, because growth is harder to manufacture and signals a larger future. The composition of the score, not just the score, drives the price.

Windsor Drake’s Rule of 40 Premium report quantifies this across verticals, showing how the same score is priced four different ways. For current multiples by ARR band, see our SaaS valuation multiples analysis.

Where would your company price?

A senior Windsor Drake banker will prepare a private, no-obligation read on where your business would value and which buyers are active. Prepared by a banker, not a calculator.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the Rule of 40?
The Rule of 40 is a software benchmark that adds a company’s revenue growth rate to its profit margin. A combined figure of 40 or higher is considered healthy. It is a quick test of whether a business is balancing growth and profitability.
How do you calculate the Rule of 40?
Add the year-over-year revenue growth rate to a profitability margin, usually EBITDA margin or free cash flow margin. For example, 25 percent growth plus 18 percent EBITDA margin equals 43, which clears the threshold. The margin you use should be stated clearly, because the result changes depending on the choice.
Is the Rule of 40 a good measure of value?
It is a useful screen, not a valuation. Two companies can both score 40 and be worth very different multiples, because buyers pay differently for growth than for margin. Windsor Drake’s Rule of 40 Premium report quantifies how the same score is priced across verticals.
What is a good Rule of 40 score?
Forty is the conventional pass mark. Scores above 60 are strong and tend to attract premium multiples, while scores below 40 usually face a valuation discount unless there is a clear path back above the line.
Which margin should I use, EBITDA or free cash flow?
Both are used. EBITDA margin is most common for profitability, while free cash flow margin is favored by investors who want a cash view. Stating which margin you used keeps the figure comparable.